Spectral analysis of continuous redox data reveals geochemical dynamics near the stream–aquifer interface     

Corey D. Wallace  Audrey H. Sawyer  Rebecca T. Barnes 《水文研究》2019,33(3):405-413

Changes in streamflow and water table elevation influence oxidation–reduction (redox) conditions near river–aquifer interfaces, with potentially important consequences for solute fluxes and biogeochemical reaction rates. Although continuous measurements of groundwater chemistry can be arduous, in situ sensors reveal chemistry dynamics across a wide range of timescales. We monitored redox potential in an aquifer adjacent to a tidal river and used spectral and wavelet analyses to link redox responses to hydrologic perturbations within the bed and banks. Storms perturb redox potential within both the bed and banks over timescales of days to weeks. Tides drive semidiurnal oscillations in redox potential within the streambed that are absent in the banks. Wavelet analysis shows that tidal redox oscillations in the bed are greatest during late summer (wavelet magnitude of 5.62 mV) when river stage fluctuations are on the order of 70 cm and microbial activity is relatively high. Tidal redox oscillations diminish during the winter (wavelet magnitude of 2.73 mV) when river stage fluctuations are smaller (on the order of 50 cm) and microbial activity is presumably low. Although traditional geochemical observations are often limited to summer baseflow conditions, in situ redox sensing provides continuous, high‐resolution chemical characterization of the subsurface, revealing transport and reaction processes across spatial and temporal scales in aquifers.  相似文献   

Quantitative estimation of submarine groundwater discharge using airborne thermal infrared data acquired at two different tidal heights     

Ki‐mook Kang  Duk‐jin Kim  Yunjee Kim  Eunhee Lee  Bong‐Gwan Kim  Seung Hee Kim  Kyoochul Ha  Dong‐Chan Koh  Yang‐Ki Cho  Guebuem Kim 《水文研究》2019,33(7):1089-1100

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) plays an important role in coastal biogeochemical processes and hydrological cycles, particularly off volcanic islands in oligotrophic oceans. However, the spatial and temporal variations of SGD are still poorly understood owing to difficulty in taking rapid SGD measurements over a large scale. In this study, we used four airborne thermal infrared surveys (twice each during high and low tides) to quantify the spatiotemporal variations of SGD over the entire coast of Jeju Island, Korea. On the basis of an analytical model, we found a linear positive correlation between the thermal anomaly and squares of the groundwater discharge velocity and a negative exponential correlation between the anomaly and water depth (including tide height and bathymetry). We then derived a new equation for quantitatively estimating the SGD flow rates from thermal anomalies acquired at two different tide heights. The proposed method was validated with the measured SGD flow rates using a current meter at Gongcheonpo Beach. We believe that the method can be effectively applied for rapid estimation of SGD over coastal areas, where fresh groundwater discharge is significant, using airborne thermal infrared surveys.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal variability in hydrochemistry of shallow groundwater in a small pre‐alpine catchment: The importance of landscape elements     

Leonie Kiewiet  Jana von Freyberg  H.J. van Meerveld 《水文研究》2019,33(19):2502-2522

Topography and landscape characteristics affect the storage and release of water and, thus, groundwater dynamics and chemistry. Quantification of catchment scale variability in groundwater chemistry and groundwater dynamics may therefore help to delineate different groundwater types and improve our understanding of which parts of the catchment contribute to streamflow. We sampled shallow groundwater from 34 to 47 wells and streamflow at seven locations in a 20‐ha steep mountainous catchment in the Swiss pre‐Alps, during nine baseflow snapshot campaigns. The spatial variability in electrical conductivity, stable water isotopic composition, and major and trace ion concentrations was large and for almost all parameters larger than the temporal variability. Concentrations of copper, zinc, and lead were highest at sites that were relatively dry, whereas concentrations of manganese and iron were highest at sites that had persistent shallow groundwater levels. The major cation and anion concentrations were only weakly correlated to individual topographic or hydrodynamic characteristics. However, we could distinguish four shallow groundwater types based on differences from the catchment average concentrations: riparian zone‐like groundwater, hillslopes and areas with small upslope contributing areas, deeper groundwater, and sites characterized by high magnesium and sulfate concentrations that likely reflect different bedrock material. Baseflow was not an equal mixture of the different groundwater types. For the majority of the campaigns, baseflow chemistry most strongly resembled riparian‐like groundwater for all but one subcatchment. However, the similarity to the hillslope‐type groundwater was larger shortly after snowmelt, reflecting differences in hydrologic connectivity. We expect that similar groundwater types can be found in other catchments with steep hillslopes and wet areas with shallow groundwater levels and recommend sampling of groundwater from all landscape elements to understand groundwater chemistry and groundwater contributions to streamflow.  相似文献   

Identification of groundwater mean transit times of precipitation and riverbank infiltration by two‐component lumped parameter models     

Nguyen Le Duy  Nguyen Viet Dung  Ingo Heidbüchel  Hanno Meyer  Markus Weiler  Bruno Merz  Heiko Apel 《水文研究》2019,33(24):3098-3118

Groundwater transit time is an essential hydrologic metric for groundwater resources management. However, especially in tropical environments, studies on the transit time distribution (TTD) of groundwater infiltration and its corresponding mean transit time (mTT) have been extremely limited due to data sparsity. In this study, we primarily use stable isotopes to examine the TTDs and their mTTs of both vertical and horizontal infiltration at a riverbank infiltration area in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), representative of the tropical climate in Asian monsoon regions. Precipitation, river water, groundwater, and local ponding surface water were sampled for 3 to 9 years and analysed for stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O and δ²H), providing a unique data set of stable isotope records for a tropical region. We quantified the contribution that the two sources contributed to the local shallow groundwater by a novel concept of two‐component lumped parameter models (LPMs) that are solved using δ¹⁸O records. The study illustrates that two‐component LPMs, in conjunction with hydrological and isotopic measurements, are able to identify subsurface flow conditions and water mixing at riverbank infiltration systems. However, the predictive skill and the reliability of the models decrease for locations farther from the river, where recharge by precipitation dominates, and a low‐permeable aquitard layer above the highly permeable aquifer is present. This specific setting impairs the identifiability of model parameters. For river infiltration, short mTTs (<40 weeks) were determined for sites closer to the river (<200 m), whereas for the precipitation infiltration, the mTTs were longer (>80 weeks) and independent of the distance to the river. The results not only enhance the understanding of the groundwater recharge dynamics in the VMD but also suggest that the highly complex mechanisms of surface–groundwater interaction can be conceptualized by exploiting two‐component LPMs in general. The model concept could thus be a powerful tool for better understanding both the hydrological functioning of mixing processes and the movement of different water components in riverbank infiltration systems.  相似文献   

Comparison of nitrate export patterns in forested catchments in Japan and the Northeastern United States: A meta‐analysis     

Nobuhito Ohte  Masanori Katsuyama 《水文研究》2019,33(25):3184-3194

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2008年汶川MS8.0地震电离层图像信息长时程演化初探     

宋程  张永仙  夏彩韵  张小涛 《地震》2019,39(2):135-146

应用改进的图像信息方法, 结合DEMETER电磁卫星的电子温度数据, 对2008年汶川M_S8.0地震进行了长时程的回溯性预测研究。 与以往的地震电离层演化图像提取异常的研究相比, 将其回溯的时程延长至震前近11个月, 并向震后延长48 d。 在长期连续的异常扰动演化图中, 出现了两个明显的异常时段, 且在震前2个月短期内异常扰动明显减弱并趋于背景值。 两个时段出现的异常扰动分布位置及其形态以及持续时间皆不重复, 这体现了前兆异常的不易确定, 难以定性及定量识别的特点。 电离层异常扰动特征的长时程研究, 有评估其预测参数和模型可靠性的实际作用, 也为应用中国卫星观测数据服务于地震预报等研究积累经验, 具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   

Effects of rainfall patterns on runoff and rainfall-induced erosion   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Morteza Alavinia  Farzin Nasiri Saleh  Hossain Asadi 《国际泥沙研究》2019,34(3):270-278

Rainfall-induced erosion involves the detachment of soil particles by raindrop impact and their transport by the combined action of the shallow surface runoff and raindrop impact. Although temporal variation in rainfall intensity (pattern) during natural rainstorms is a common phenomenon, the available information is inadequate to understand its effects on runoff and rainfall-induced erosion processes. To address this issue, four simulated rainfall patterns (constant, increasing, decreasing, and increasing - decreasing) with the same total kinetic energy were designed. Two soil types (sandy and sandy loam) were subjected to simulated rainfall using 15?cm × 30?cm long detachment trays under infiltration conditions. For each simulation, runoff and sediment concentration were sampled at regular intervals. No obvious difference was observed in runoff across the two soil types, but there were significant differences in soil losses among the different rainfall patterns and stages. For varying-intensity rainfall patterns, the dominant sediment transport mechanism was not only influenced by raindrop detachment but also was affected by raindrop-induced shallow flow transport. Moreover, the efficiency of equations that predict the interrill erosion rate increased when the integrated raindrop impact and surface runoff rate were applied. Although the processes of interrill erosion are complex, the findings in this study may provide useful insight for developing models that predict the effects of rainfall pattern on runoff and erosion.  相似文献   

水分条件对藜蒿(Artemisia selengensis)富集湿地土壤重金属的影响     

章萍  曾宪哲  王亲媛  王伟  吴代赦 《湖泊科学》2019,31(6):1592-1600

基于鄱阳湖南矶山湿地土壤及藜蒿Cd、As污染风险评价,利用盆栽实验研究水分条件对区域土壤理化性质、砷镉形态及其上生长的藜蒿(Artemisia selengensis)重金属富集能力的影响.结果表明:土壤Cd含量超标,存在生态风险,藜蒿茎中As含量达食品污染限量标准,存在食用风险;藜蒿对Cd、As的富集能力受土壤水分环境影响,水分增加会造成土壤pH与有机质含量上升,抑制藜蒿富集Cd的同时促进富集As.线性回归计算显示土壤有效态As含量与藜蒿As富集量呈显著正相关,可以用来评价藜蒿As富集情况,而土壤有效态Cd含量与藜蒿Cd富集量间无显著相关性.结合区域土壤Cd、As污染情况,适宜控制水分为缺水或旱湿交替条件,可以降低藜蒿等湿地植物中Cd的富集量;适宜控制水分为淹水条件,可以减少土壤Cd、As有效态含量.  相似文献   

济南东部大辛河渗漏段地下水示踪试验与分析          下载免费PDF全文

丁冠涛  刘玉仙  曹光明  齐欢 《山东国土资源》2018,34(2)

2013年以来,济南市为正确处理好保泉和市民饮用优质地下水的关系,组织实施了地表水转换地下水补源系列工程,旨在补源保泉的前提下开采地下水。大辛河地表水转地下水工程是其中重要的组成部分,为了查明大辛河渗漏补源后地下水的补给方向、径流速度等,在大辛河主要渗漏段开展了地下水示踪试验。结果显示:地下水渗漏补源后沿渗漏段—龙奥大厦—济南东区供水奥体加压站—贤文小区一线大体自南向北径流,视径流速度约45m/d,越往两侧流速越缓慢,表明大辛河地表水转地下水工程主要对东郊水源地进行补给,对市区四大泉群补给较弱。示踪试验得出的结论,对大辛河地表水转地下水工程运行具有重要指导作用,对后期管理部门合理规划补源、开采布局具有重要的借鉴意义,促进济南保泉和供水的有机统一。  相似文献   

两种造礁石珊瑚对海水酸化和溶解有机碳加富的响应*     

郭亚娟  周伟华  袁翔城  廖健祖  江雷  黄晖 《热带海洋学报》2018,37(1):57-63

文章选择鹿回头近岸海域常见的板叶角蜂巢珊瑚(Favites complanata)和十字牡丹珊瑚(Pavona decussata)为研究对象, 采用室内连续培养的方法, 探究两种不同造礁石珊瑚对酸化和溶解有机碳(DOC)加富的响应。结果表明: 酸化(pH 7.6)并不会影响两种珊瑚的钙化速率和生长速率; 但DOC加富(524.03±78.42μmol•L^-1)使两种珊瑚的钙化速率分别降低67%和47%、生长速率降低59%和40%。当二者共同作用时, 两种珊瑚的钙化速率降低30%和11%、生长速率降低46%和59%, 大多没有DOC单独作用时强烈, 表现出一定的拮抗作用。两种珊瑚共生虫黄藻叶绿素荧光指数(F_v/F_m)均升高后降低, 板叶角蜂巢珊瑚F_v/F_m最先降低。实验表明, 这两种珊瑚虽然对海洋酸化的敏感度不高, 但是对有机物加富有不同的响应, 板叶角蜂巢珊瑚更为敏感, 可能导致这两种珊瑚在未来环境变化中有不同命运。  相似文献